Traumatic brain injury in companion animals: Pathophysiology and treatment

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are common in dogs and cats that have sustained head trauma from a variety of causes. In moderate to severe TBI, damage from both the primary and secondary injuries can be life-threatening. Concurrent injuries in polytrauma patients may further complicate TBI management. Thorough initial and serial examinations are key in detecting neurologic changes quickly and guiding treatment. Intensive treatments such as nursing care, fluid therapy, hyperosmolar agents, analgesia, sedation, anticonvulsants, oxygen supplementation, surgery, and rehabilitation may be employed in TBI management. Prognostication resources for an individual patient are limited and a perceived poor prognosis may worsen clinical ...

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